An overview of the conflict resolution theory Essay Example for Free

An overview of the conflict dis fermentr theory Essay mesh Resolution TheoryIn conflict resolution, preconceived notions, also called the natural cognitive sorting processes, be the stimuli that unwittingly foment war. By taking a look at single(a) and inter conclave relations, one end better grasp conflict resolution as a way of mediation which may channelise magnitude the probabilities of the outbreak of political violence. This essay takes a close examination of the effect of singular-level models of transmit to inspire change at the social level. The scaling up the process from individual treatment to social has its mights and weakness. Controlled intercourse, sensitivity training, Freuds hydraulic model, complex mirroring and conscious raising psychotherapy are experimented means in conflict resolution to dissolve conflict at both individual and general levels.The natural cognitive sorting chemical mechanism of dividing people into us and them engenders prejudice and in the long run, political violence. This perspective is typical to The Self and The other(a) concept in which people and groups are constructed to exclude the other or any entity that is perceived as foreign and to include the self or other entities affiliated to the self. Protracted social conflicts typically carry an enduring set of antagonistic perceptions and interactions amid communal groupsnegative attributions of motivations and reciprocal negative images perpetuate the antagonisms and solidify the conflict (Fisher 1997). This concept breeds the antagonization of groups which turns one group against the other, deepening rifts and sharpening rivalry. Since this type of social cognitive process emphasizes differences between us and them, an elitism can arise which advantages one group over the other and fosters an unhealthy intergroup competition and vernacular exclusion. With mutual degradation and demonized motives, each group continues to not completely if drift apart but stay against each other in a frictional relationship to produce an aggression fire.At the interior(a) level, us and them dichotomy leads to jingoism which is a chauvinistic form of nationalism. This ideology promotes the masterion of one and the favorable position of a people. Fanatical patriotism and the prejudiced belief propose that another party must fulfill in the power imbalance. (Paris 2004) agrees that exclusionary forms of nationalism also make enemies of excluded groups. In other words, one nation categorizes, segregates and disadvantages another. As a consequence, the excluded party harbors resentment toward the opposing group. Resentment begets tension-filled relations, which beget mistrust. The polarizing effect of the us and them construct leads inescapably to suspicion and in a competitive environment, to perceived inequalities. Inequalities result in the categorization of an loaded and an oppressor, the used and the victimizer. At a particular point , one group arrives at a breaking point, demanding the redress of wrongs whether original or perceived and an equalizing of the playing field. (Fisher 1997) also recognizes that some conflicts arise when identity groups perceive that they are oppressed and victimized through a denial of recognition, security, equity and political participation. Imbalances of power stimulate one group to react or even retaliate hence hostilities erupt. It was a wave of nationalism which provokes WWII in which the Indo-European Germans attempt to purge Germany of unwanted elements for the sake of the country. Similarly, in the case of Rwanda and other countries, ethnic cleansing or genocide take place because of inequality and a false sense of nationalism.Sorting out the innate Cognitive ProcessesTo arrive at conflict resolution, one must broach the theme of altering intergroup perceptions. This method is an individual-to-social strategy in which with a third party intervention, both groups can mu tually exchange opinions and feelings. canful Burton pioneers and implements a casework approach, a term used in social work to explain the methods implemented to solve an in individual or group problem. Controlled communication signifies a way to forge effective communication habits. Burton asserts that the source of conflict is miscommunication and the source of miscommunication is distorted worldviews or perceptions of the other. In practicing controlled communication, groups can share their prejudices and biases in a orbit that diffuses anger and sets a more amicable tone for talks would help improve relations. Also, Leonard unicorn root advocates sensitivity training which progresses the transition from individual-level change to collective change. He puts forward that a small example group ventilates their perceptions, opinions, and concerns to create awareness and better grasping of group processes. The sensitivity training workshop is comparable to a psychological thera py conducted by a third party. Ideas and feelings are shared to increase interpersonal effectiveness. (Toft 2010) declares that openhanded voice to former combatants is a mechanism in conflict resolution to craft negotiation settlements in which re crudeed violence can be averted. This rule follows the sensitivity training theory which enhances sympathy and increases chances at understanding and positive change.In Sigmund Freuds group processes theory, he posits that the groups way of intellection is spawned directly from the individuals. In Freuds hydraulic model, the principle is that just as it is dangerous to suppress feelings for fear of compounding them for a more violent eruption, so at the social level, it is risky to continually inhibit ill-feeling by conflict resolution (Strachey 1966) instead, venting would help diffuse tensions and instead of internalizing the resentment, the person finds fireman in expression. In his work Give warfare a Chance (Luttwak 1999) examines the effect of peacekeeping which only temporarily resolves the issue by satisfying parties. However, he advocates war as the means of reaching a more definitive and longer lasting conflict resolution.Complex MirroringComplex mirroring within the group setting is a way in which the individual change scalps up to the group level change. In remedying traumatized individuals, the victims sum of money themselves to a group and begin to mirror one anothers feelings and experiences. A critic notices that by listening to one anothers individual presentation of personal experiences, participants gain a new perspectiveby listening to the series of such descriptions, they gained the experience of universality (Herman 1997). As a result, the individual-level change dynamic transmutes into the group-level change. As one witness the effect of trauma, the support group experiences secondary trauma as wounded members relate their experiences and seek emotional support. The incidence of secondary trauma gives rise to empowerment and awareness. Kathie Sarachild theorize the conscious-raising psychotherapy structures specifically for the individual but which could be used to effect social rather than individual change (Herman 1997). This method was implemented for rape-victims who were silenced by the violence and trauma inflicted by another. In the stage setting of social change, political violence is a grave injustice inflicted by one and visited upon the other. A therapeutic path is a sensitization rather than retaining the silence over the injury. As the publics knowingness heightens, a cure has to be suggested and taken. The beneficial result is that changes at the individual level were being link with policy processes at the macro level (Fisher 1997).Conflict Resolution Strengths and WeaknessesIn conflict resolution, a strength of the individual to group model application is that groups comprise a conglomerate body in which individual mirroring gradually filters into the groups ethics. The reasoning is that a group is comprised of individuals and since a group is made up of individuals, then a method aimed at effecting change in an individual can also be applied to the group. However, this method does not factor in the wide diversity of the individuals belonging to a group. unrivaled rigid rule utilized for one individual cannot work for a group because this view only facilitates the one-size-fits-all theory which is not socially viable.ReferencesFisher, R.J. (1997). Interactive Conflict Resolution, Syracuse University Press, youthful York.Herman, J.L. (1997). Trauma and Recovery. Basic Books Publishers, New York.Anonymous. (1996). Human Rights in Peace Negotiations, Human Rights Quarterly,18(2), 249-258.Luttwak, E. (1999). Give War a Chance, Journal of Foreign Affairs, 78 (4), 36-44http//www.jstor.org/stable/20049362. Accessed 14 December 2011.Strachey, J. (1966). The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, The Hogarth Press and the contribute of Psycho-Analysis, Vol. 22,Toft, M.D. (2010). Ending Civil Wars A Case for Rebel Victory, Journal of International Security, 34 (2), 7-36.Paris, R. (2004). At Wars End Building Peace after Civil Conflict. Cambridge University Press.