of mice and men :: essays research papers

THEMES Major Theme The major ascendent of the book is the beauty of a fancy, for it gives a person a purpose in vitality. George and Lennie envisage of bearing a farm that they can call their take in and where Lennie can raise rabbits and stay give away of trouble, free from the constraints of society. Both men constantly keep this dream in front of them. In fact, Lennie asks George to repeat the dream over and over.George, himself, refuses to frivolously spend either money, for he is saving every dime to buy the land. The dream keeps both of the working it also keeps them close. Curleys wife and Crooks, twain cynics, scoff at the dream of Lennie and George as being unrealistic, but Candy sees its possibility and its beauty. He offers to give his life savings to help make the dream a reality, for he wants to join George and Lennie on the farm, living out his last days in happiness. When the two men accept Candy, he suddenly has a new lease on life the dream has given him h ope for a better hereafter. At the end of the novel, the dream dies. As soon as Candy sees the body of Curleys wife, he understands his own loss of a dream and curses her for it. George also knows the dream hasdied with Lennies death, and the novel ends with his going off to spend his money on liquor. He no longer has a reason to save his pennies. Without a dream, his life is sad and meaningless.Minor Theme The pain of bareness is another key theme of the novel. Early in the book, George sets the lonely wit by stating, Guys like us that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. Candy becomes the picture of total loneliness caused by age. He is rejected by all for being old and handicapped. His only company, his faithful, old, blind dog, is taken from him and killed Candy fears that he will be tempered the same way in the future and wants to join Lennie and George on the ranch. Crooks is the picture of total loneliness caused by prejudice. Because he is the only black man on the ranch, he is forced to live unsocial in a shed of the barn, and no one will have any interaction with him.of mice and men essays research papers THEMES Major Theme The major theme of the book is the beauty of a dream, for it gives a person a purpose in life. George and Lennie dream of owning a farm that they can call their own and where Lennie can raise rabbits and stay out of trouble, free from the constraints of society. Both men constantly keep this dream in front of them. In fact, Lennie asks George to repeat the dream over and over.George, himself, refuses to frivolously spend any money, for he is saving every dime to buy the land. The dream keeps both of the working it also keeps them close. Curleys wife and Crooks, two cynics, scoff at the dream of Lennie and George as being unrealistic, but Candy sees its possibility and its beauty. He offers to give his life savings to help make the dream a reality, for he wants to join George and Lennie on the farm, living o ut his last days in happiness. When the two men accept Candy, he suddenly has a new lease on life the dream has given him hope for a better future. At the end of the novel, the dream dies. As soon as Candy sees the body of Curleys wife, he understands his own loss of a dream and curses her for it. George also knows the dream hasdied with Lennies death, and the novel ends with his going off to spend his money on liquor. He no longer has a reason to save his pennies. Without a dream, his life is sad and meaningless.Minor Theme The pain of loneliness is another key theme of the novel. Early in the book, George sets the lonely mood by stating, Guys like us that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. Candy becomes the picture of total loneliness caused by age. He is rejected by all for being old and handicapped. His only company, his faithful, old, blind dog, is taken from him and killed Candy fears that he will be treated the same way in the future and wants to join Lenni e and George on the ranch. Crooks is the picture of total loneliness caused by prejudice. Because he is the only black man on the ranch, he is forced to live alone in a shed of the barn, and no one will have any interaction with him.

Young Goodman Brown: Immature Innocence vs. Mature Guilt :: essays research papers fc

girlish Goodman embrown Immature Innocence vs. Mature GuiltIn Nathaniel Hawthornes short story Young Goodman Brown, Hawthorne expresses his true feelings about the negative beliefs of the puritan religion through usage of expressive styles and themes, various characters, and objects within the story. Because the puritan religion was in affect during a very complicated and chaotic time known as the Salem Witch Trials many people, including Young Goodman Brown, would be shocked to discover that the pure puritan society they knew was in fact contaminated with evil.Hawthorne uses the main character, Young Goodman Brown, to lucidly convey the storys main theme of corrupted innocence. When one conservatively analyzes Young Goodman Browns character the main concept that comes to mind is that the character appears to be an implied divorce of his religion-pure. The reader should keep in mind that white is often associated with innocence. The sense of rightness within the character of Young Goodman Brown will later appear to be awkward. In the beginning of the story when he meets the Devil in the forest the narrator states that the Devil was about fifty years old, apparently in the same rank of life as Goodman Brown, and posture a considerable resemblance to him, (Hawthorne, 337). Through this statement the reader now knows that Young Goodman Brown is not young as his name implies, he is really a very old man who is just now reaching the stage in life where one realizes that the world is not surfeited with just purity alone, it also contains evil. When the reader first begins the story it is automatically assumed that his title Young Goodman Brown means that he is literally young, which further implies innocence, immaturity, and naive ness. During the puritan times the title Goodman was equivalent to the present day title of mister. Hawthorne presents a character that has the assumed name of a child, Young Goodman Brown, and the demeanor and thought summons o f a child however, the reader is to discover later that he is an adult with the mindset of a child. When the reader discovers that the character is not a child, the fact that Brown was taking a journey into what he believed was initiation to manhood during the beginning of the story now makes the situation very awkward. Young Goodman Brown maintains the mindset of a child he is nave to the fact that the world and people are not pure in and innocent even though they take part in the pure puritan religion.

business in asia Essay -- essays research papers

DOING BUSINESS IN SINGAPOREBACKGROUND Founded as a British trading colony in 1819, Singapore joined Malaysia in 1963, only withdrew two years later and gained its independence. It subsequently became one of the demesnes most prosperous countries, with strong supranational trading links, (its port is one of the worlds busiest) and with a per capita GDP above that of the leading nations of Western Europe. Singapore is located in the South-eastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia. Because of this strategic location, Singapore has been known as a trading center almost continuously since the 7th Century, when it was a Sumatran seaport called Temasek. Singapore has in all probability gone through more changes in the resist 30 years than any other country in the world.Family life is particularly important to Asians. The socialization of children within the family creates powerful patterns, which will remain with your copy for life. You will be dealing with the families of your customers, employees, bankers, and other business counterparts. Singapore was settled originally by male immigrants seeking work. Because they left their extended families behind, most families in Singapore consist of only one or two generations.Today, Singapore is a modern multiracial state. Seventy seven percent of the population is Chinese fifteen percent is Malay six percent Indian or Pakistani and two percent European. Singapore has four official voice communications Malay, Mandarin, Tamil, and incline. The national language is Malay and English is the primary business language. The three Asian cultures of Singapore, Malay, Indian, and Chinese, have been influenced by Western culture since the arrival of Portuguese traders in the Sixteenth Century. By the time the British dominated the island, some three hundred years later, local Asians were feeling the full brunt of western imperialism. Its aggressive mercantile spirit and positive(p) Christianity left certain marks, such as the use of English for business.GOVERMENT Singapore is one of the worlds few city-states. A city-state is a small self-governed country, in the main dependent upon the commercial activity of a single city. City-states were common in the ancient world and the Middle Ages. Today only a few choke Monaco, San Marino, and Singapore. The political history of Singapore is closely intertwined with the person o... ...gether with Asian talent, could help solve this problem. Movies could also be made in Mandarin, which is widely spoken end-to-end North and Southeast Asia. Singapore just launched Channel U, a new television channel in Mandarin, hoping to attract millions of viewers who speak that language. A unanimous amount of young viewers in Singapore are bilingual and want more television shows in English and Mandarin, which means this audience would probably embrace movies in either language. Competition in Singapore is scarce. A small company with adequate funding could be a ble to make movies that evoke to an extensive market. Why do business in Singapore? Singapore is an attractive base for an Asian corporate headquarters because people speak English it is less costly than Tokyo or Taipei and it does not have the political problems of Hong Kong. Singapore offers manufacturing corporations well-trained labor at reasonable wages. For traders it offers a free port. For international financiers the island provides a location, which bridges the time gap between business hours of major world stock exchanges. Finally, the government actively encourages foreign trade and investment.

The Advancement of Technology Essay -- Military Technology

war has been a reoccurring part of Americas biography for the past 230 years. From the 1700s to the present, America has gotten into many different situations and turmoil, which eventually lead to the wars we currently study and know about today. Technological advancements in warfare were necessary and a great obligation during times of war. This was pursued with drastic improvement. From the transformation of the use of smoothbore muskets during the Civil War to the industrial revolution leading to weaponry innovations office staff polite war, the nature of warfare dramatically changed. These developments proved to be proficient in battle. In the midst of these hundreds of years, while many technological advances demonstrated to be efficient in battle, the machine gun was one of the most significant advancements in technology that changed the face of warfare through its transformation of operations and strategy. During the civil war before the introduction of the machine guns, union soldiers primarily used smoothbore muskets. The rifles low muzzle velocity and consequent lavishly parabolic trajectory made for difficult long-range shooting, especially since soldiers engaged in little target practice and received virtually no knowledge in estimating distances or in using the adjustable sights to compensate for the bullets curved flight. The tangled terrain of most battlefieldsand the black powder smoke that engulfed all battleoften rendered enemy soldiers invisible until they were within smoothbore range (Hess 288). This was assumed to be the reason of why the war was prolonged, and the combat losses were high during the smoothbore era. Also with an ability of only firing a maximum of three rounds per minute (Howey), this rat... ...Goldsmith, Dolf L., and R. Blake. Stevens. The Devils Paintbrush Sir Hiram Maxims Gun. Toronto Collector Grade Publications, 1989. Print.2. Hess, Earl J. The Rifle Musket in Civil War Combat Reality and Myth. Lawrence, Ka n University Press of Kansas, 2008. Print.3. Howey, Allan W. Weaponry The Rifle-Musket and the Mini Ball History Net. History Net. Weider History Group, Oct. 1999. Web. 12 May 2012. .4. Lee, Loyd E. World War II. Westport, CT Greenwood, 1999. Print.5. Popenker, Max R. Modern Firearms - MachineGuns. Max R. Popenker, 1999-2010. Web. 10 May 2012. .6. Simkin, John. Machine-Gun. Spartacus Educational - Home Page. John Simkin. Web. 10 May 2012. .

power and politics Essay -- essays research papers

political relation and Power PaperIt is not about what you do, it is about who you are and who you know. As employees, we require totally heard sayings like this before when it comes to the business world. The power and politic mindset is a direct result of the type of tug of war experienced for millions of eld from prehistoric times through modern day. Ever since Ugha smashed Mugha in the moderate with a club back in prehistoric times, government have been around in the workplace. Politics are a subliminal fight for survival and it actually happens in private lives as much as it does in our work lives. Politics can go hand in hand with power, just as night follows the day. Many of the political situations that occur within a corporation are a result of growth and change. However, furcate of the task of becoming a viable asset to a corporation is to look beyond the surface and find out where the company is heading as a result of these changes. In this way, employees can posit ion themselves to be a positive part of the growth and change. Power and politics go hand in hand in the business world today. The likelihood of gaining power often depends on the efficacy to read and understand politics. Once power is gained, leaders tend to utilize politics to reach long term goals and visions. Pending on the style of leadership, personal agendas may come into play. While personal agendas are not forever and a day a bad thing, they are generally set forth with limited prospect and can potentially result in catastrophe. Because personal agendas restrict the flow of communication and constructive criticism, personal agendas are a major contributor to the ostracise aspects of power. However, there is far more to be gained than lost with regard to power. Power provides a solid structure and a clear expectation. Since people strive to please, mensural guidelines offer a foundation for success. When power is used effectively, appropriate politics can be set into pl ace to obtain a desired outcome.Politics are meant to go unnoticed and usually lie beneath the surface. Recognizing politics is half the battle in learning to handle and deal with them. Once politics are recognized there is an opportunity to benefit personally and collectively. Politics can promote the Ill scratch youre back if you scratch mi... ... has construct its reputation on. (Schermerhorn, John R., Hunt, James G., Osborn, Richard N. Organizational Behavior, pgs 1-31).What can you do to thrive in a political environment? Theres no whoremonger formula, but common sense, fair play and sound judgment are good starting points. Work hard absolutely. But instead of keeping your head down, keep your antenna up. Instead of keeping your nose clean and not getting involved in any of the politics, use it to sniff out nurture and opportunities. Instead of seeing power and politics as dirty words, put them to good use for yourself and others. One thing is for sure, power and politics w ill always survive in the business world, and it is imperative that we as employees find a way to use them to our advantage, because if we do not someone else will. As it is pointed out in one article, the great philosopher Plato once said Those who are too smart to engage in politics are punished by being governed by those who are dumber (Martinez, 2000).ReferencesMartinez, M. N. (2000). Politics Come With The Office. Information retrieved onAugust 27, 2005 from www.graduatingengineer.com

H.G. Wells The Time Traveler Essay -- Wells Time Traveler Essays

H.G. Wells The epoch TravelerH.G. Wells lived at the turn of the century. During this time, therewas a huge gulf surrounded by the rich and poor. The era travellerssocialist tone highlights the injustices of the British class system.Wells protagonist, imagines the future to consist of a perfect club, where everyone is refer and technology is extremely move.This view is based on mankinds continual advances during hislifetime, so he assumes we will continue to advance in the future.The Time Traveller reflects H.G Wells opinions about mankind, andacts as a warning for what could happen in the future if society doesnot embrace equality and humanity.When the Time Traveller arrives in the future, he notices the littlepeople which are later known as the Eloi. They are every(prenominal) extremelyalike in appearance. They on the whole wear tunics of the same material, havethe same hairless visage and the same curly shoulder length hair.The men have the same physic as the women as ther e is no need to carryout any physical work. He immediately thinks that this is communistsociety especially as they all live, eat and sleep together in onelarge building. They are all equal in every aspect of their lives. Hebelieves that the Eloi are lively off the work of others and aretherefore, part of an automatic organisation. The Eloi profitingfrom the success of previous generations when humans learnt to withstandand harness nature. However, as now there is no-one left to controlit, nature is slowly taking back the world and turning it wild again.Wells obviously believes communism is the best solution for the wholeworld. in that respectfore, when the Time Traveller arrives in the future hesees what he wants to see.... ...Can you return imagine a crab as large as yonder table There isstill life but absolutely no intelligence, this is the descent back tothe sea there appears to be no life away from the water on the land.The further forward in time he travels, the more obviou s life formsdecrease, until there is absolutely nothing he can see, this is thefinal interpret of mans descent back to the sea.The Time Traveller has many theories throughout his journey, he wantsto believe that the future will be socialist and more technologicallyadvanced but he finds the human race to be in a severe decline. Healso realises that the class distinction present in his society hasexacerbated and humans have evolved into two separate sub-species.The Time Traveller is Wells warning for the future if society isto continue in its present vein it will eventually self-destruct.

How Fitzgerald Tell the Story in Chapter 1 of the Great Gatsby Essay

Write about some of the charges Fitzgerald tells the story in chapter 1 The chapter begins with Nick Carraway introducing himself as the narrator. Fitzgerald uses a first-person retrospective narrative, therefore we are causen Nicks headspring of view throughout. The chapter begins with Nick remembering his fathers advice that all people in this world havent had the advantages that hes had this tells the packer that the chief(prenominal) theme of the novel is wealth. The use of the word advantages suggests that Nick comes from a wealthy family. Fitzgerald makes Nick claim that Im inclined to reserve all judgework forcets barely quickly contradicts this he tells the intimate revelations of young men are marred by obvious suppressions, by Fitzgerald doing this, the audience are given an opinion on Nick, realising he is likely to be an unreliable narrator. However when Nick says Im inclined to reserve all judgements the reader may also timbre that Nick will give a true and hone st account of the pull downts and will not be biased against any of the characters.Fitzgerald uses this chapter to set the scene of the novel. Fitzgerald makes it illuminate through Nicks narration that the events within the novel have already taken place back from the East last autumn, the reader instantly knows that we will be given an interpretation of the events and they will all be from Nicks point of view. Nick talks about Midas and Morgan and Maecenas all three of these men were renowned for their wealth. Morgan and Maecenas were real men, whereas Midass story is a Greek myth. By mentioning both myth and earthly concern in the first chapter Fitzgerald tells the reader that myth and reality will be mixed throughout the novel. Fitzgerald introduces most of the main characters within this chapter as part of the establishment of the text. Gatsby is the first to be introduced excluding Nick, which could suggest that Gatsby is the protagonist of the novel. later on on in the cha pter we are introduced to Tom, Daisy and Jordan as Nick goes to a dinner party over at East egg. Fitzgerald has Nick use exaggerations of expressions and body diction to create an impression of Tom Buchannan and the others in East egg. Fitzgerald has Nick harshly describe Tom as being arrogant and powerful not even the effeminate swank of his riding clothes could hide the enormous power of that body by using this description Fitzgerald highlights his role as a superior male, Fitzgerald supports this by the use of direct speech from Tom I am stronger and more of a man than you are, this again shows that Tom believeshe is preceding(prenominal) everybody else again re-enforcing his arrogance. Fitzgerald uses oxymorons to describe the way in which Tom handles Nick he turned me around again politely and abruptly this shows that Nick as a narrator is contradicting himself hence causing the reader to question his narration once again.Throughout the chapter, Nick uses adverbs such as ac cusingly and helplessly when referring to Daisy, allowing Fitzgerald to give the impression that she is dominated by Tom and that they are living in a patriarchal society. This contrast is displayed by Nicks use of adverbs such as decisively, restlessly and crossly when retelling Toms speech, showing Toms power. During the dinner where also introduced to myrtle in a way as her phone call interrupts dinner, we also find out about how Jordan talks about her Tom and his family, Toms got some woman in new York, therefore showing shes not a very trustworthy character.Fitzgerald also uses similes to add more emphasis to the point he is making compelled me to the room as though he were moving a checker to another square, this also shows Toms power. towards the end up of the chapter Nick witnesses Gatsby standing at the end of his lawn, nick describes the way in which Gatsby held out his arms as curious this gives the reader an urge to want to read on and find out what the green light is a nd what significance it holds in relation to Gatsby. Fitzgerald makes Nick use the word vanished at the end of the chapter which give the chapter a more dramatic end.

Critical thinking Essay

1. What do the formers mean by templates?It means that you can use right away to structure and even generate your aver writing.2. What does critical judgeing require?It requires the questioning of assumptions, develop strong claims, offer supporting reasons and evidence, and consider opposing arguments.3. How would you describe the difference between arguing and entrance a communication? In arguing, you assert the views of yourself and when you enter the conversation, you present the views of other people.4. What famous argument do the authors use as an showcase? Martin Luther King Jrs Letter from Birmingham Jail5. Using the 1st template on page 9, fill in the blanks with a controversial topic that interests you. He claims that gay marriages are acceptable, and I have mixed feelings about it. On the one hand I agree that a gay marriage is a commitment. On the other hand, I still insist that a marriage should be between a man and a woman.6. What do the authors mean by a larger c onversation and how are you supposed to use it as a writer? In particular, read page 19 carefully. Larger conversation helps the writer show what the information is responding to the point of the thesis.7. What suggestions do the authors make for starting your paper? Start with what others are saying as in the title of the chapter recommends.8. keep apart 10 templates you might actually use in your writing and explain the function of each. * Americans have always believed that __________________. * Conventional wisdom has it that ______________________. * Common sense seems to regularize that ___________________. * The standard way of thinking about topic X has itthat _____. * It is often said that _________________________________. * My whole life I have heard it said that __________________. * You would think that ______________________________.* Many people assume that ___________________________.* Ive always believed that ___________________________. * When I was a child, I us ed to think that ________________.9. Define return sentence.A sentence that returns to the need They say.10. On page 29, the author describes the qualities of a good summary. What are they? A good summary requires balancing the writing when the author writes and emphasizing those aspects of what the author is trying to say.11. From each of the verb categories listed on page 37, select 5 that you think you might actually use in an argument. * Argue* Observe* Claim* emphasize* Believe12. According to the authors, why is it important to quote others? Quotes give tremendous amount of credit to the summary and also helps make sure its somewhat or equal.13. Briefly summarize what the authors have to say about the relevant quotations. You need to have a sense of what you want to do with the quotations.14. Give 5 examples of templates used for introducing quotations. * According to X, _____________________.* X Himself writes, ____________________.* In her book, _______, X maintains that ___.* X agrees when she writes, ______________.* X complicates matters further when she writes, ______.

Computer Components Essay

To build a PC you essential buy all of the required comp matchlessnts otherwise the computing device bequeath not work mighty or not work at all. Here is a list of all required electronic ready reck singler components to make it work* Motherboard- motherboard is a main component in a computer. It is a printed circuit board and it connects the CPU, RAM, and the cards which generate sound and graphics so they ignore spend among each other to make a working computer system. in that respect atomic number 18 many types of motherboards, those ones made more recently than others argon ATX motherboards. An ATX motherboards contain the conventionality I/O (input-output) connectors such as USB, serial ports, PS/2. without mother board there is no way the components go out work together.* Case- basically a case holds together all of the components so they dont fall apart. The type of case depends on what motherboard is use for the computer. present it is ATX so the cases for these motherboards atomic number 18 ATX cases.* CPU- primaeval Processing Unit is so called a brain of a computer. The CPU transacts processes and runs programs on your computer. It is needed for any action that is through with(p) on a computer. The fast the CPU the faster it will do what is required. A processor is made up of cores. The more cores it has the better it is. Nowadays most CPUs have 2 cores and most even 4. That gives a lot of power and speed when executing instructions.* RAM- Random Access Memory is used to temporarily store data which will be lost when a computer is switched off. Ram stores near of direct system data and application data while it is being ran. RAM is essential in computer process. The more storehouse there is the more applications can be ran on the computer at the same time. There atomic number 18 many forms of Memory. Nowadays most computers use DDR2 or DDR3* Graphics Card- Graphics Card is needed to display an images on a monitor. There are AG P, PCI, PCI-E graphics. It just depends on what schedule on a motherboard the card will be connected to. New graphics cards are usually made with 512MB or 1024MB of video memory which can generate graphics for all of refreshful games.* Sound Card- sound card basically generates sound for what is ran on a computer, whether it is games, music or films. The leadership sound card producer is Creative.* Modem- modem is required in a computer if you want to connect to internet. It converts the digital binary signals to analogue signals so it can be transferred in a network. There are internal modems which are connected to motherboard inside the case and others are external which connect temporarily to USB ports.* FDD- Floppy book rent contracts floppy disks. Those are little diskettes which hold up to 1.44 MB. The FDDs are not installe in new computer systems as they are replaced with more great USB disks.* HDD- hard disk drive is a storage device. It stores the operating systems and all sorts of Data such as music, word file cabinets, filmspretty much anything. It does not bear the data as a computer switches off like RAM. It stores the data and lets people access it. The capacity of hard drives is counted in Gigabytes and terabytes.The computer components have to communicate with each other in order to make an output. Motherboard allows them to communicate via BUSes which. They are little cables or printed Circuits which computer components share In order to exchange communication. There are unlike amounts of data that can be carried by a bus at once. They usually range from 16 to 64 bits and this is called a comprehensiveness of the bus.This is speed of data exchange. Also the speed of data exchange is defined by absolute frequency of a bus. It states how many bits are sent in limited time which is usually per second. For example a CPU working with applications sends binary data, information about a picture and graphics card takes the information an d puts pixels in the same way as requested and then sends it to the monitor through a cable to display it on the screen. Another example could be a CPU receiving information from RAM, processing it and sending it further to another component.Installing and configuring a printer (not plug and play)Ive been asked to present a process of founding of a printer. With CD It is simple to do, just put the CD provided with the device into the CD Drive and go to My Computer..After that firedog on the CD Drive location to explore the CD content.When explored click on the setup icon and the setup will vex automatically. In the setup window click next.When done next window will come up asking to agree with the license terms. Click yes to proceed to the next stage.In the next window pack how your printer will be connected to the computer and press next. It could be either Via USB, cable or a network. When chosen press next to start the inductance.When the installation process reaches 100% p ress finish to finalize the processAnd right off a printer number one wood is installed and the printer is ready to use.I was asked to perform another installation of a device driver which in turn will be a DVD-Writer.I was provided a CD with a driver that enables the DVD- Writer to function on a system. First put the CD in the CD drive tray. When done click on my computer characterisation to show the icon of the CD put in. Double click on the CD icon with the driver software system to explore the content of the disc. When done range of a function click on a setup icon to start the installation. A window will come up letting you choose the directory of the installation. When chosen click next to proceed to another stage. In the next windows it will ask to agree to license terms. Click agree to the license terms and next button. The installation will start shortly. It will take quite a while to install it and when it gets to 100% press finish button to finalize the installation which will restart the computer to apply the changes to the system. After that the DVD-Writer will start functioning properly.Undertaking a final cleanup of the equipmentWhile cleaning up the equipment health and safety standards must be met. Before taking the computer system apart I put on an anti-static wristband and put the whole computer on the anti-static mat which will prevent any flow of electricity that could deterioration the system and bring health issues. I make sure that the computer is not plugged in to the electricity. When I am ready I take a screwdriver and open the computer case. I Put it aside and guardedly unscrew the metal bit in the middle from the computer which prevents me from manoeuvring when cleaning up. I put it aside and look what needs to be cleaned up. First I take a look at the motherboard and ribbon cables. I take a mini vacuum cleaner with brush intentional for computers and cautiously vacuum the sprinkley motherboard and cables. When done I d o the same with the components and I make sure that there are no liquids inside the computer and that there are no pieces of metal or plastic objects other than the components which could damage it.Then I look at the components if they are connected to the motherboard and the power supply properly and cables attached in right places. When the cleaning is done I screw the metal bit on to the computer and the case making sure the screws are firmly inside. Ive done all the activities with special care for my own safety as thoroughly as making sure not to damage the computer. I also have to look if any components are damaged or looking dodgy replacing them if true. The outside of the case should be cleaned as well, because if dust starts to build up it can access the inside and damage the components. Take a moist cloth and wipe the surface of the case care teemingy till its clean. Be careful as some cases have few fans, do not wipe the area close to the fans as the dust could easily ge t wiped inside by accidentSelecting upgrades for a computer systemThere are many components for computer out there. Choosing the outdo ones will have a major influence on computers exploit. First important upgrade could be a faster processor which is responsible for(p) for the processes running on the computer, how fast they work and how many of them can be ran at the same time. The faster the computer the faster the processes and the operating system as a whole. More RAM memory is a good choice as well when upgrading a computer. It is needed to run the applications and games. Similar to the processor the performance of the programs partially depends on RAM memory and how fast it runs. Graphics card is a very important upgrade as well. The quality of the images displayed on a screen depends on graphics card. The better the graphics card the prettier and smoother the image displayed.It is very important when playing games as its allows to play new games showing the best quality te xtures and images. A Soundcard is an important upgrade as well. Soundcard is responsible for generating the sound. The better it is the better and deeper quality of sound. It is important when playing games, music or in a studio producing music. A bigger Hard Drive is needed to store more data on a computer as well as the bigger the hard drive the faster data transfer. DVD Writer is essential if burning data to DVDs which can be used on other computers. These DVDs can contain any type of data and are quite spacious. After all the main upgrade is a motherboard which must be of good quality to connect every component for a great performance outcome.Task 2Purpose features and functions of two operating systemsWindows XP- Its an operating system which was created by Microsoft in 2001 and was a great success. This operating system is made for ordinary people performing basic tasks but is confident of much more. Windows XP can run and is compatible with a lot of applications which makes it utilitarian in everyday life. The main purpose of it is multimedia for people who like to savour themselves. It offers various applications which are already built in such as Windows Media Player which is able to play music, movies and has a lot of options of multimedia such as library, playlists or something different like basic notepad, paint which allows drawing images and saving them to share. There are also office programs in offer which allow companies to strain out their tasks regarding finances and maintenance of various departments.Windows XP was a best selling OS thanks to its stability and functionality. It is a successor to both Windows ME and Windows 2000 and it has two versions which embarrass Windows XP home edition for home multimedia users and Windows XP professional for more advanced users with office needs. Both of them though are able to run games as well as various applications which provide fun. Windows eXPerience, because that is its full name makes work a lot easier and provides fun. The interface is easy to use and it looks nice and is intuitional and that made it a best selling Microsoft OS.It contains a lot of functions such as drag and drop like any other OS, a Taskbar at the bottom of the scope which shows which programs are currently running on the system. The user is also able to browse internet and stream media thanks to a built in internet web browser called Internet Explorer which is an ambitious name. So far Windows XP was the best system that came out rated by many customers, but that could change with release of Windows 7. Screenshot of a desktop on Windows XP professional-Linux Linux operating system was designed as open source free software. Its functionality ranges from servers, power-computers to mobile phones and laptops. It is easy to use and its design allows customers to use it in various purposes. It is widely used as an OS for servers and programmers because it contains an interface allowing users to perfo rm High-tech tasks thanks to its stability. The software that comes built in the OS is a free internet browser Mozilla Firefox or OpenOffice.Org which is almost the same as Microsoft Office application pack. Linux has a variety of appearance options which make it neat and good looking.There is a lot of free software compatible with linux which is related to IT field as well as a messenger and email client which makes it very useful to different groups of users but particularly IT people. The variety and accessibility to them is very good which makes linux a popular OS and it is free as well and let to share by people. The desktop is pretty much a window desktop and is also very intuitional. Linux OS supports dozens of programming languages which allows writing and coding in many ways. Its secure, stable. Few of purposes are support of real time applications and fun features such as producing music, photo montage and movie making applications. This operating system was created with thought of people in IT and media creating industry and it does its job very well. Screenshot of desktop on Linux Ubuntu distribution-CompareWindows comparing to Linux is more of a multimedia system. Linux was designed for programming and creating audio or movies. It is more stable than XP and also more secure. Linux has compatibility issues with some programs as it isnt as popular as XP but they are replaced by free applications made for linux. There are also more device drivers for XP as companies create XP-specific drivers skipping linux. Linux is much lighter than XP and can be installed onto a system on the same partition as an additional application.XP doesnt come with a lot of useful applications and utilities and they have to be purchased externally which increases the frequency of ads. Linux in turn has a range of applications already installed by default and if not then it is easy to download them for free from reliable and safe websites. Linux can run on slower and weaker computers as well as more advanced hi-spec machines. It is already small enough unlike XP so it can be installed on tablet PCs and it will perform nicely. Linux OS is also better at multi-tasking on any machine, its faster and smoother however some applications work slower than XP. If working on XP there are always more security risks than linux as there are less viruses created to infect linux than XP. victimisation utilitiesThere are number of utilities that support and swan the performance and security of computer systems. I will undertake few activities using the utilities. First one and one of the main ones are installing an antivirus to prevent infectionsTo do that I put in the CD provided with antivirus. And go to my computer to see the if the disc is read by the CD-drive. If it is read by the computer I Click on the icon of CD-drive to explore the content of the CD.After that I look for an icon Setup and double click on it to start the installation process.In the main setu p window I can see that it is an antivirus installation and it tells me to click contiguous to start the installation.In the next window it allows me to choose the installation type whether it is local installation or central installation. Central installation allows me to install the antivirus onto the file server and then onto particular computer systems. I choose the local installation to install it on my computer and click next.In the next window I can choose the options antivirus can perform from the beginning. I choose the intercheck client so it provides security for my computer particularly, I click next.And now ultimately the installation process starts. It takes quite a while to install it. When it gets to the end another window comes up asking if I want to Run the antivirus now or I just want to finish.The installation is completed.Effects of the activitiesThese activities are done to maintain the performance and security of computer systems. Antivirus installed on a co mputer prevents viruses from infecting the computer as well as any other harmful software. That is a key to a fast working computer and secure. Harmful software like viruses can bring a lot of damage to the operating system causing instability and potential loss of important files. A full system scan is needed after every week of work as many files and webpages were brought on to the system and It needs checking for any harmful units to maintain the security and keep the system fast.Installation of Service Pack 2 patch is needed for new definitions of internet threats as well as performance of the OS. It brings a firewall to the system which protects the computer from harmful software coming in from the internetwork. New performance solutions makes the system faster, more stable and more reliable. Defragmenting hard drives is one of the ways to bring back data integrity lost when doing certain tasks or simply using the system. The files on hard drive get messesd up after time from v arious causes and need to be put in order to maintain the disk space. Formatting a hard drive

Organizational Behavior: An Analysis of Helm Fire and Rescue Company Essay

Introductionorganisational Behavior is referred to as the study of individuals and their relative behavior line of business to the existing musical arrangemental environment. The concept applies in a divers(prenominal) workplace setting in different ways and had diverse impacts to the organization. organisational behavior field includes communication, sociology, psychology, and steering. The concept is subject to both internal and external factors touch on the organization. The formula for success in business as noted by Millstein et al. (1998, p.7) requires two components including the external environment and the individual. Major scholars have also noted that removing ane of these values is impossible within the organization setting. This paper uses report that analyses organisational behavior issues in the context of put down and economy run. It applies learned theory in the analysis for a compressive understanding of the issues underlying organizational behavior.Defin itionsOrganizational Behavior It is the study of individuals and their relative behavior subject to the existing organizational environment (Gary 1995, p.128-129). Organizational Development it is a planned, organization-wide effort to increase an organizations effectiveness and viability. It is also referred to as a response to change, a complex educational schema intended to change the beliefs, attitudes, values, and structure of the organization so that they can better adapt to raw technologies, marketing and ch bothenges, and the dizzying rate of change itself (Robert 2009, p.297299). Corporate Planning From a conjunctions perspective, corporate planning involves formulating long term business goals so that the strategic planning of an enterprise may be developed and acted upon (Millstein et al 1998, p.7)External Environment They atomic number 18 the conditions, entities, events, and factors surrounding an organization which influence its activities and choices, and dete rmine its opportunities and risks (Francis & Fred 2009, p.69-76). Stakeholders These argon persons or groups that an organization perceives itself to hold accountability to (Robert 2009, p.297299). Helm molest and rescue company, provides fire and rescue services in Virginia state. The company has been in the market forover four years since its start. Over the years, the company has grown and has expanded its services to early(a) states including California and Las Vegas. Over the years, the company has survived the highly competitive market, which have been established across the respective states offering fire and rescue services. The company has sedulous at least 25 employees in every station across the states holding diverse responsibilities and assigned roles. Its competitive nature and success has been attributed to appropriate intervention of organizational Behavior aspects and the strong capacity of streamlining both internal and external elements (Gary 1995, p.128-129) .Helm fire and rescue service is organized principally into the two key out functions including service delivery and service support both managed by selected managers by the board of directors. The functions are supported by the corporate planning and finance part and the people and Organizational Development department also managed by respective individuals. All the teams operating within the company including the respective departments and fire stations are within the identified areas. The entire team is led by the chief executive officer and his assistant with other departmental peaks following the hierarchy including head of communications, head of community fire protection, head of community safety, and the head of unitary mathematical process. The case analysis revealed four principal components as critical to a favored effective organization. The case identified these components as the way in which judicature of an organization is facilitated, how it attains and establi shes its objectives and goals, if it promotes ethics, and if the company maintains healthy organizational aspects.The findings provided from the analysis indicated that a Helm fire and rescue service was an effective organization though in some of the departments, it required improvements. Francis and Fred (2009, p.69-76) was of the view that oversight must continuously be the main element palpating the pulse of the specific organization and at all times know their opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses. They noted that four cardinal contributors to a success within an organization are the way in which that particular organization is governed, the way it attains and establishes its goals and objectives, its strategies to promote ethics, and if the strategic maintenance of aspects that reflect a healthy organization. To effect change and allow for all-encompassing operations to take placeat Helm fire and rescue services management has been the key element of consideratio n. Helm fire and Rescue political party has its mission as being effectively saving property, lives and the environment. The strategies implemented to accomplish this mission, and the identified values are subject to management (Millstein et al 1998, p.7). These aspects drive the organization, and management is facing a herculean challenge (Robert 2009, p.297299).However, the company has thrived in operation with the management facilitating periodic evaluation of diverse components of the organization including success and failure in the years operations, communication between departments and environmental conservation. Due to external forces of globalization Kimberly (2009, p.87110) noted that, in todays changing environment, it is critical that an organization conducts diagnosis, assessment, audit or evaluation of its operations to analyze whether it is on the right step of success. Helm improvement Company has valued this aspect, and it is working hard to wangle that its opera tions conform to international standards. These external factors have called for the organization to restructure itself and conform to the rapidly changing market. Kimberly (2009, p.87110) also noted that the main external factors touch on firms in the modern day include competition, changing customer expectations and globalization.In this context, helm rescue services also have faced such factors in its external environment. Technological improvements have been on the frontline of the companys management, which has been adopted within its services (Gary 1995, p.128-129). These improvements have been targeting rescue service processes geared towards meeting its goals and objectives. The company has also changed its structures to fit efficient rescue services that will also provide safety to for its employees. The structures have been laid including diverse administrative and legislative arrangements (Robert 2009, p.297299). The fire service company has undergone changes since the b eginning of this year with significant indications, a process that has been exacerbated by devolution of the states central government powers and the introduction of new legislation policies guiding companies in this line of operation. Other leading external factors that have contributed to change being effected in the organization include changes to operating(a) procedures particularly in the modern era of terrorism attacks and threats across the country.Strategic organizational assessment Francis and Fred (2009, p.69-76) has involved the respective teams within Helm fire Service Company assisting in identifying and finding the real organizational problems. The teams have cooperated to express concisely the way forward for the organization in its expansion of services (Silverthorne 2004, p.592599) to other states. The strategies adopted in organizational development include an introduction of free services that are categorized under exceptional services that are aerated for by othe r service providers. The company has also established additional services free to the end user especially to be used in the case of an emergency. With such strategies the company handles the competitive market appropriately and it has been thriving well across states with its operations. Robert (2009, p.297299) noted that organizational assessment is a excellent facilitator of organizational change and what is acceptable in enabling organizations to continually improve and develop their performance capabilities.In its structural reforms, Helm Service Company has also looked into governance issues. constitution is a broad concept used in the organization to define an organizations exercise of control or authority and the management system (Gary 1995, p.128-129). In general, governance is the internal means through which a firm establishes policies which are ideal in determining control mechanisms, establishing decision-making processes, allocating power, and setting up procedures th at help to perform specific tasks (Francis & Fred 2009, p.69-76). At Helm fire and rescue service, governance has been transformed to comprise of the internal relationships with a strong consideration of its stakeholders, managers and boards of directors. Organizational governance is what Helm has embarked on indulging a process that involves consultation by administrators as well as other governing boards in all decision making to ascertain that decisions made are appropriate for the companys growth and development of a competitive edge.ConclusionThe concept of organizational behavior applies in a diverse workplace setting in different ways and had diverse impacts to the organization. Organizational behavior field includes communication, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept is subject to both internal and external factors affecting the organization. At Helm fire and rescue services, this concepthas been applied diversely and it has worked for the company in improving its performance and sustaining growth within the market. Proper application of the concept has also worked well for the company in sustaining its competitive advantage across the market, which is ideal for its long-term survival.ReferencesFrancis, J. & Fred, D 2009, A newer organizational behavior, in Francis, Y. and Fred, D. (ed.) Multi-Level Issues in Organizational Behavior and Leadership (Research in Multi Level Issues, Volume 8), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.69-76. Gary, D 1995, Managing Organizations in an time of Change, Florida Dryden Press, pp. 128-129 Kimberly, E 2009, the effects of social comparisons on managerial career satisfaction and turnover intentions, Career Development International, 14(1), pp. 87 110 Millstein, Ira, et al 1998, Corporate Governance Improving Competitiveness and Access to Capital in Global Markets, London OECD. p. 7 Robert, L 2009, Positive Organizational Behavior, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(3), pp. 297 299 Silve rthorne, C 2004, the impact of organizational culture and person-organization fit on organizational commitment and job satisfaction in Taiwan, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25(7), pp. 592 599

A Gap of Sky

The short story written by Anna Hope is about a girl called Elli. Her life is a typical dystrophy students chaos, dominated by drugs, anticipation parents and a distracting Iden embracey crisis. There are several themes that concern the story, and I shall now review rough of them. As my aforementioned statement points out, Identity crawls Is an essential Issue throughout the story. Her mind Lies In a dilemma between either to follow her desires, or the expectations which are upon her.She doesnt know whether o succumb to the temptation of the drugs and partying, or to complete her course and score high grades for the good of her mom and dad. Other themes which could cover a Gap of Sky would be issues like expectations, responsibility, drugs, youth and pressure. The narrator is using the stream of consciousness technique throughout most of the story, which is very quasi(prenominal) to similar to Virginia Woofs writing manner. It gives the reader a slightly confusing and unfocused int erpretation, though it overly manages to pull the reader Into the main characters mind.In spite of the fact that you may substantially feel that the narrator Is Elli herself, It Is actually a third person omniscient narrator. The language of the text Is highly Influenced by slang, and has a typical youngster uninspired use. The story begins In an In medias rest and follows a preeminencearly progression. It has its turning point when Elli begins her adventure of finding ink, by walking out of her door. There is also a use of similes, metaphors and symbols. particularly the similes are visible for example in line 49 ( And it feels like ledge, like thick dark sludge, and line 83 ( ) and her skull feels as though it energy split open. The metaphors arent particularly prominent in the text, but these, plus the similes, make you get a more(prenominal) figurative interpretation, than if there werent any. The last rhetorical device used in the text, that I shall go into, is the pers onification which for example Is used In line 128 ( ) she wants to aim this night and Its great dark pulsing Symbols are dominant In the text. Some very obviously, some less obvious.The go to bed on line 61, which has its violate finger raised, makes Elli think Buck it all. It is therefore a symbol of Elses rebellious side and the way that Elli wishes to follow her dreams without any concerns for her surroundings. But this sensation vanishes when Elli sees the skull at the exhibition. Her state of mind suddenly orbits the thought of life and death. She feels that it isnt a coincidence that shes there. She thinks that the exhibition is made to tell her something, to wake her up. She becomes so afraid of facing death, that she has to pass off away from the museum.There is also the red Jasper to mention. Although the symbolism of this object is explained to some extent, it Is worth to mention how much the stone voices the regret Elli has over how much she has taken her mothers love for granted. Despite all the loving and caring Elses mother has yielded, Elli has been entirely ungrateful. Also the title of the story A gap of sky plays an Important part In this analysis. Somewhere In the story Elli sees a gap of sky. This is partially a metaphor, which illustrates the gap in her state of broken, or a gap where something new cigaret grow.Where something can change. There is a certain enumeration of nouns in the short story, which creates a dynamic understanding and concludes with a certain amount of short sentences. Especially in line 28-37. It takes place over a couple of hours, from afternoon to early evening in central London. It is also the city where Elli lives and studies. One might almost say that A gap of sky is a parallel history to Virginia Wolfs life. The fact that both of her parents killed themselves caused, that Virginia went through a long time clogged tit depressions and nervous breakdowns.The outcome of it was that she, at the age of 59, threw herself in the river near her home and drowned. In the end of the story Elli comes to a river at the end of The Strand. This river is yet other dilemma. The aforementioned climax at the exhibition, makes her become afraid of death, thus afraid of drugs. The river could be the place where she would be able to wash herself clean. On the other go past the river could also be the place where she could end all these troubles and worries, like Virginia Wolf.The ending of the story makes it up to ourselves to figure out what will happen next. This whole scenario that we, as readers, are brought into, is not only a Journey through the streets of London, but also a Journey through Elses mind and thought. You have to notice that Elli is not only a simple human being. She is also representing the dilemmas and crises that teenagers have to go through nowadays. They have so many possibilities, and therefore also a diffuse of responsibility. That is the fundamental topic in A Gap of Sky.

Health Information Technology: Electronic Medical Records Essay

AbstractFor years the health safekeeping industry has explored methods to improve the modal value patient role of in changeion is managed. electronic aesculapian records were developed to solve many, if non all, issues surrounding paper medical examination records and the management of patient information. Storage, legibility, accessibility and gage of medical records are a few of the areas where electronic medical records excel everywhere paper medical records. Instantaneous access and improved accuracy resulting from electronic medical records poop greatly improve a patients graphic symbol of superintend, frustrate serious harm to patients, and ultimately save lives.Financial aspects play a large role in the murder of electronic medical records. While at that place are many woo-saving advantages to electronic medical records, the initial cost of implementation payloads many if not most health dread facilities. This preventative may prohibit health care facilities from the major power to implement electronic medical records. Overall, physicians and patients rival that electronic medical records will servicing improve patient care and efficiency.Health Information Technology electronic medical examination RecordsFor years the health care industry has explored methods to improve the way patient information is managed. Paper medical records are cumbersome and require a lot of storage space and personnel office to maintain them. Transferring paper records between health care facilities and professionals is very tedious and time-consuming. To solve many, if not all, issues surrounding paper medical records, electronic medical records were developed. Electronic medical records relieve the issue of large warehouses of storage and tedious transferring of information, as fountainhead as many of the other concerns affiliated with paper records. While there are many advantages to electronic medical records, there are also some downfalls, such as th e initial cost of implementation and the pecuniary burden this places on healthcare facilities.StorageAccording to journalist John Csiszar, hospitals and medical facilities have warehouses filled with decades-worth of paper medical records (2012, Storage section, para. 1). Paper medical records not only take up quite a bit of space, they are also not eco-friendly (Csiszar, 2012, Storage section, para. 1). Another drawback of paper medical records is that they deteriorate over time due to paper being degradable and the more a paper record is handled, the faster it deteriorates. This poses major consequences, especially for patients who have chronic medical issues that require multiple reviews of their records. Electronic medical records are far easier to store than paper records.Csiszar states, Electronic medical records rotter be stored on computer drives that require much slight space and fewer resources to produce (2012, Storage section, para. 1). Electronic medical records can also be stored and accessed forever, without concern of deterioration, as is associated with paper medical records (Csiszar, 2012, Storage section, para. 1). This is passing beneficial for health care providers as they are able to review patients medical histories repeatedly without risk of deteriorating or damaging records.LegibilityIt is generally admit that the readability of a hand-written document is dependent upon the penmanship of the writer. Legibility of handwriting varies with the individual. Medical terminology, especially for those unfamiliar with medicine, can be challenging to decipher in paper medical records (Csiszar, 2012, Legibility section, para. 1). This legibility problem can lead to miscommunication among health care providers and grievous errors, which in turn can lead to brusque care, harm, and even death of patients. Csiszar notes, One of the clear benefits of electronic medical records is that typeface is more or less standardized and clear across all re cords (2012, Legibility section, para. 1). The clearness provided by electronic medical records saves time for the reader, and time is critical during medical treatment (Csiszar, 2012, Legibility section, para. 1). Improved accuracy resulting from the clarity of communication can prevent serious harm to patients and ultimately save lives. overtureWhen it comes to accessing a patients medical record, paper records are by far the most aggravating to retrieve. In order for health care facilities or providers to share patient records with other facilities and providers, paper medical records must be copied and mailed, faxed, or scanned into the computer and emailed (Csiszar, 2012, Access section, para. 1). These processes can be very time-consuming and ultimately affect the outcome of a patients condition. Electronic medical records are designed to be easily dual-lane among health care providers, especially providers employed by the same health care company. Electronic medical record s can be shared almost instantaneously via electronic transmission or direct access to a computer storage system (Csiszar, 2012, Access section, para. 1). This instantaneous access can greatly benefit a patients quality of care, particularly when time is of the essence.SecurityBoth paper and electronic medical records can be problematic when protecting patient seclusion. According to the Health Resources and work Administration (HRSA), part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, three of the most common security risks include (1) the risk of unfitting access, (2) the risk of record tampering, and (3) the risk of record loss due to natural catastrophes (2012, para. 2).Risk of Inappropriate AccessRegardless of the format of a patients medical record, it is always vulnerable to a risk of inappropriate access (Health Resources and Services Administration, 2012, para. 3). For paper medical records, the risk of inappropriate access occurs when individuals gain access to r ecord storage areas, find records left in patient or exam rooms, receive misdirected faxes, or other correspondent scenarios (Health Resources and Services Administration, 2012, para. 4). The HRSA states, Since access to paper medical records implies physical access, securing against inappropriate access is accomplished by segregating records into separate locked storage areas restricting physical access to storage areas recording sign in and sign out procedures and maintaining records handling training and other similar procedures (2012, para. 4).With electronic medical records, inappropriate access takes place in unrivalled of two ways (1) an unauthorized drug user accesses a patients record or (2) an authorized user violates conditions of the appropriate use policy (Health Resources and Services Administration, 2012, para. 5). According to the HRSA, Electronic medical records can also be subject to breaches of network security that may al confused a hacker to gain access to u ser credentials and thereby bypass the access control protections (2012, para. 5). It is grave for health care facilities to have strict network access guidelines and security as well as an appropriate use policy that is reviewed by newly hired staff and routinely reviewed by all staff.Risk of Record TamperingMedical records can be manipulated or tampered with in many ways, including changing dates of records, entering fraudulent data, or changing entries. Any individual who has access to a patients paper medical record has the ability to remove pages, add or erase entries, or other fraudulent acts (Health Resources and Services Administration, 2012, para. 7). Tracing the starting time of altered paper medical records is very difficult and sometimes impossible. Electronic medical records are much more difficult to fraudulently manipulate because the ability to make changes to an electronic record depends on the rights assigned to a specific user.Individuals with privileges to modi fy data have the ability to add, delete, or change data or entire records (Health Resources and Services Administration, 2012, para. 8). An electronic medical record can also be tampered with by directly accessing information stored on the server using a server account rather than a user account (Health Resources and Services Administration, 2012, para. 8). Fortunately, any access or manipulation to electronic medical records can be tracked and thus is traceable. Identifying the person who may have fraudulently accessed or modify a record is much easier by dint of electronic medical records than with paper medical records.Risk of Loss Due to Natural CatastrophesAccording to the HRSA, Fires, floods or other environmental disasters attack physical locations and can result in the complete loss of both paper and electronic medical records (2012, para. 9). An advantage to electronic medical records is that they can be continuously backed up to off-site storage. Therefore, the records can always be recovered, even if the physical medical facility is damaged.Financial AspectsIn recent years, hospitals nationwide have been faced with immense shove to implement health information technology systems, such as electronic medical records. According to Jay J. Shen, PhD and Gregory O. Ginn, PhD, CPA, The initiative to implement health information technology has persisted through two administrations. First, during the G.W. Bush Administration, the position of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology was created by executive order in the Department of Health and Human Services.Later, in the B.H. Obama Administration, Congress passed The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (2012, p. 61). The expectation of implementing health information technology is the improvement of hospital performance with regard to cost and quality of care to the consumer and the health care system. The downside of these initiatives is the crushing financial repercussions endured by non-profit hospital systems.Positive Financial AspectsBy implementing health information technology, especially electronic medical records, hospitals can reduce the costs associated with quality patient care. Shen and Ginn state, Hospitals should be able to reduce the costs associated with medical errors by identifying harmful drug reactions or possible supersensitive reactions using the information provided by electronic medical records. Hospitals should also be able to lower costs by facilitating preventative medicine and helping physicians manage patients with mazy chronic conditions by utilizing the information provided by electronic medical records (2012, p. 62).Electronic medical records help to increase efficiency and reduce cost by (1) decreasing the acquire for medical transcription and physically pulling charts (2) prompting providers to prescribe generic drugs instead of brand-name drugs and (3) reducing duplicate diagnostic tests and studies (Shen & Ginn , 2012, p. 62). Electronic medical records contribute to move costs while improving the efficiency and quality of care for hospitals, patients, and the entire health care system.Negative Financial AspectsIn recent years, only a small percentage of health care facilities have implemented electronic medical records, even though these facilities have the ability to experience substantial cost savings and improvements in quality of care (Shen & Ginn, 2012, p. 62). This low rate of adoption is attributed in large part to financial barriers, states Shen and Ginn (2012, p. 62). Some of the financial barriers contributing to the low adoption rate of electronic medical records include (1) significant capital requirements (2) absence of clear evidence showing a positive effect on investment return (3) high maintenance expenses and (4) high human resources costs associated with the need for an increased number of information technology staff (Shen & Ginn, 2012, p. 62). Another financial barri er for health care facilities is that although they endure the cost of implementing electronic medical records, the providers and payers experience the financial benefits from the cost savings (Shen & Ginn, 2012, p. 62).Physician and Patient Perception of Electronic Medical Records Overall, research shows that electronic medical records have been well-received by the base of physicians and patients affected by their implementation. Sage Healthcare Division, a unit of Sage northwestward America, conducted a study that examined the effect of electronic medical record implementation on physicians and their patients (Healthcare IT news Staff, 2011, para. 1-2). The study indicated that the majority of patients and physicians have a positive knowledge of electronic medical records (Healthcare IT News Staff, 2011, para. 1). Healthcare IT News Staff specify, According to the study, patients felt more comfortable with physicians that used electronic medical records, and more importantly, felt that the information contained in the medical record was more accurate when they physically saw information being entered electronically (2011, para. 3).Betty Otter-Nickerson, President of Sage Healthcare Division, noted, We learned that patients akin to see their verbatim information entered into the record as they said it, not as the doctor interpreted it (Healthcare IT News Staff, 2011, para. 4). She also noted that patients who participated in the sentiment said they had greater confidence in providers who used electronic medical records and encouraged their physicians to adopt more connected technologies such as electronic medical records (Healthcare IT News Staff, 2011, para. 6-7). Direct feedback from patients gives providers an opportunity to learn how to improve their practices and their patient relationships, stated Otter-Nickerson (Healthcare IT News Staff, 2011, para. 7).Key Findings* Physicians and patients have a positive overall perception of patient care that was documented electronically (62 percent of physicians and 81 percent of patients) (Healthcare IT News Staff, 2011, para. 5). * Nearly half of patients positively perceived their physician when they were noted to be documenting electronically (45 percent) (Healthcare IT News Staff, 2011, para. 5). * Over half of physicians find real-time access to patient records to be the biggest benefit of using electronic medical records (60 percent) (Healthcare IT News Staff, 2011, para. 5). * One of the most important benefits noted by physicians is the ability to easily share information with other physicians, facilities, and payers (Healthcare IT News Staff, 2011, para. 5). *The majority of patients and physicians agreed that electronic medical records will improve the quality of care in the healthcare industry (78 percent of patients and 62 percent of physicians) (Healthcare IT News Staff, 2011, para. 5). * Both patients and physicians have concerns about patient privacy and the securi ty of electronic medical records (81 percent of patients and 62 percent of physicians) (Healthcare IT News Staff, 2011, para. 5). * The most important benefits noted of electronic medical records were (1) they give physicians real-time access to patient records (2) they help physicians securely share patient information with other providers and (3) they help the physician improve the quality of patient care (Healthcare IT News Staff, 2011, para. 5).ConclusionElectronic medical records are a useful tool in improving patient satisfaction, quality of care, and the efficiency of the health care industry. Electronic storage options relieve the burden of large warehouses and the risk of deteriorating repeatedly viewed medical records. Instantaneous access and improved accuracy resulting from electronic medical records can greatly improve a patients quality of care, prevent serious harm to patients and ultimately save lives. The ability to easily identify individuals who may have fraudulen tly accessed or modified a record helps to protect accuracy of records and patient privacy. Although the initial implementation costs of electronic medical records can be quite arduous, the cost-saving benefits will pass to grow. Patients and physicians agree that electronic medical records will improve patient quality and efficiency of care.ReferencesCsiszar, J. (n.d.). Paper vs. electronic medical records. Retrieved November 12, 2012, from Chron http//smallbusiness.chron.com/paper-vs-electronic-medical-records-40354.html Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). What are the privacy and security risks of electronic vs. paper health records? Retrieved November 12, 2012, from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services http//www.hrsa.gov/healthit/toolbox/HealthITAdoptiontoolbox/PrivacyandSecurity/securityrisks.html Healthcare IT News Staff. (2011). Study Patients believe EMRs bring accuracy to their records. Retrieved November 15, 2012, from Healthcare IT News http//ww w.healthcareitnews.com/news/study-patients-believe-emrs-bring-accuracy-their-records Shen, J. J., & Ginn, G. O. (2012). Financial position and adoption of electronic health records A retrospective longitudinal study. J Health Care Finance, 61-77.

Racism in South Africa

It is easy for state to shut their eye to things they do non witness, like bigotry, racial discrimination, and the cruelty of South Africa. According to Blob Kiwanis It has been nearly a ten-spot and a half after the end of apartheid and South Africans argon finally realizing on that point Is a business with racism (Swank, 2008). This realization occurred after white students from the university of the Free State, made a racist video. This video showed the students debasing and humiliating four vague workers. The racism portrayed by these students was said to be deep-seated.These students even went so far as to allegedly, urinate in the four lack workers food (Kiwanis, 2008). In 1994 a gentlemans gentleman was fed up with his black worker, so the black man was fed to the lions (Kiwanis, 2008). This type of cruelty is not as common as it once was, but any act such as this should not be allowed to take site in the free world. Imagine living every day in fear, never knowing wh at the day is going to be like. What about tomorrow? This behavior is something just about nation never have to experience in their life m, but what about those that get to witness these events first go through?The violence and hatred that has ca drilld a country to live In ear, was said to be a symbol of globalization, by a country that calls Itself a Rainbow Nation, yet was not supposedly about racism at all (Perry, 2008). 3 It became app atomic number 18nt in 2008, when 42 black slew were killed. These wad were raped, neaten, eroded, Ana off-key alive. I Nils type AT loathing NAS lave a country (Perry, 2008). These types of incidents have diminished all over time, but ar still evident in the culture. The cultures in South Africa are some and nearly are still high in the masculine beliefs. Ethnicity is the differences in culture and is diverse in SouthAfrica. The many different tribes and passel have similar yet different beliefs. Race refers to the social construction on the difference of skin color, or nationalities (South Africa and its Culture, 2011). Polygamy is still carried out and a dowry is still permitted in most of South Africans cultures. Cattle are a sign of wealth and also used as a symbol for sacrifice. The Zulu is one of the strongest surviving black culture in South Africa (South Africa and its Culture, 2011). Xhosa are also a strong presence in the South African culture, and are referred to as the red people.The red people are called this because the red dye they use on their clothing, worn by most adults. The Indelible are related to the Red people, but live in the North-western corner of what now is called Mulligan, in vibrant particoloured homes (South Africa and its Culture, 2011). Then there are the Dutch settlers along with the British, these people are known as Afrikaners, and are the majority of the South African world (South Africa and its Culture, 2011). Surprisingly there is a large Jewish population that resides in South Africa no doubt the survivors of Hitler and his brutal rein.Brutality is not the only problem that has affected the people of South Africa. Because of this racism the poverty level has remained a problem. If a company only hires white people to work, how are people of color ever going to rise above poverty? The Jobs available to black people in South Africa are almost non-existent. If there are no Jobs then there is no money to be made. No money operator no food, no shelter, and no means to support a family. This is another instance of the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 4 argon people so blind and callused, as to not care how the actions and the words thrown out leave behind affect others?What about the future of innocent souls to come? Why is one color any wear out than another? Who gets to decide these types of things? If a person were to close their eyes and solely Judge another found on their personality, or the way they are treated by a person, our world wo uld be a different place to live. Discrimination has kept the people of South Africa in poverty for way to long, it is time to break the chains of bigotry and learn to live together in a peaceful place. A place where color does not mean you are rejected for a Job, or for housing. A place where everyone is color blind seems ideal, does it not?Education is a factor for the people of South Africa. People are more concerned with finding a Job instead they are worrying about whether or not they can attend school. And the sad part about that is that in order to get a good Job or even a Job, education would be beneficial. This is one of the excuses for not hiring people with black skin, they are not as educated. This is one way companies get around race (Reuters, 2001). The companies use this as their reason for hiring the white person applying for the Job and not the black person. It is a vicious broadcast for the people of South Africa.

Limit

Q1. What is the diversion between a left(p) neighborhood and a right neighborhood of a number? How does this sentiment become relevant in determining a restriction of a make? Answerleft field neighborhood of a number a represents numbers lesser than the number a and is denoted by a- or a-d, where d is infinitesimally small. Similarly, right neighborhood of a number a represents numbers greater than the number a and is denoted by a+ or or a+d, where d is infinitesimally small.This concept is very in-chief(postnominal) in determining narrow of a bleed. A function f(x) of x will have a limit at x = a if and only if f(a-d) = f(a+d) = f(a) where d is infinitesimally small. Q2. A limit of a function at a headspring of discontinuity does not exist. Why? Give an example.AnswerFor existence of limit of function f(x) of x at x = a the necessary and sufficient condition is f(a-d) = f(a+d) = f(a) where d is infinitesimally small. At a point of discontinuity, f(a-d) f(a+d).Therefore, li mit of a function does not exist at a point of discontinuity. The next example will make it clear.let us take example of integer function. This function is defined in the following mannerf(x) = a where a is an integer less than or equal to x.Let us check if limit exists for this function at x = a, where a is an integer.Now left hand side limit = f(a-d) = a-1And right hand side limit = f(a+d) = aThus, f(a-d) f(a+d) and hence limit does not exists for this function. If this function is plotted, there is discontinuity at all integer points.Thus it can be seen that limit of a function does not exist at a point of discontinuity. 3. What is the difference between a derivative of a function and its slope? Give a detailed explanation.AnswerDerivative of a function is another function, which remains same throughout the domain of the function at all the points. huckster of a function on the other hand is the value of the derivative. This value may change from point to point depending on t he nature of the function.Let us take an example. Derivative of Sin(x) is Cos(x) for all values of x. If one looks at the slope of Sin(x), its value keeps changing in -1, +1 range from point to point. Slope of Sin(x) is -1 for x = unmatched integral multiples of p +1 for x = even multiples of p and 0 for x = odd multiples of p/2. Thus, it can be seen that spell derivative of a function remains the same while its slope could be changing from point to point.

Applications of Integral Calculus

To find the moment of inertia, you find the area under, and also between the curve(s). An cover in which integration is key to reaching the target value is a PAID Controller. The purpose of a PAID Controller is to visualize the error between what is measured and what is expected. The l or integration interpreter of the controller is the collected past errors. The actual integral is the total of the instantaneous error over sentence. all in all parts of the error are included, meaning distance and amount. Integral mathsematics has very much to do with the duration and amount of something.One major example Is population analysis. Population analysis Is a form of Integral math that Is applied for biology. The births In the present year rely on many things from previous years, nearly obviously the amount of births In the previous year. All things affect the population of the proceeding years. Since all variables intertwine with angiotensin-converting enzyme another, they can b e put into once common integral comparison. Two major variables in the equation would be the rates of fertility and survivorship. The average temperature for weather also engrosss integration.For example, the weatherman would note the average temperature for his time last year to show how much weather has fluctuated. How did he get an average temperature? He entrap it using integration. The weatherman would make a graph of the weather of math from this time last year, and bring on an integral to find the exact average value. He could then wait until he has collected overflowing information for this season this year and fled the average temperate of this season through Integration. With these two average values, he could compare the two for changes.When cars were first created, not much about them was efficient whatsoever. They may have delivered the driver from point A to point B more quickly than before cars, but like just about new inventions, cars were greatly flawed. To f ix these errors, manufacturers began strike testing for safety, which involves physics. Using integration, a crash test analyst can first find average results for crashes with safety products as well as results without safety products. Then, with the take away averages he can compare the results to verify that the specific safety products are realistic to install into vehicles.Specifically, the clumsiness index, which was aimed towards being able to determine the risk of an injury to the head, is calculated by using an integral. Severity mogul is the Integral from zero to T of EDT. In the severity index integral, T represents the duration of the deceleration during the crash test and (a(t)) Is the deceleration at time (t). Though the Severity Index was a good calculation, something kick downstairs was discovered. The Head Injury Criterion Is based on the average value of acceleration over the most important part of the deceleration.The new and Improved Integral Tutorial Tort t en nana Injury measurement represents ten maximum alee over the critical time period for the integral expression. This method is much more realistic and is used to test things such as the safety of an airbag and even prove that stables do in-fact save lives. Integration is also used for finding displacement from velocity, and velocity from acceleration. Unlike a bargain of other applications, in this situation you would use the indefinite integral for displacement and velocity. An integral is used to bushel these two things because integration is the opposite of differentiation.Consequently, to find displacement you would use the indefinite integral of velocity (v) EDT. Likewise, you would determine velocity by using the indefinite integral of acceleration (a) EDT. Integrals are also manifold in biology. One integral is the Coulomb Field approximation. With this approximation, one calculates the Borne radius. Although it is acceptable, the Coulomb Field approximation is known to overrate the Borne radii. Other methods of the Coulomb Field approximation have been demonstrated by adding and subtracting certain areas of the equation. Using integration you can also find the average off moving sequence of poesy.This is commonly done with stocks. The numbers that move in the stock integral would be the day and the price. Along with integration being involved in the stock business, it is also involved in consumer surplus and producer surplus. Producers surplus is the surplus specie that the producer obtains from charging less than the selling price. Consumers surplus is the difference between what consumers are willing to pay and what they do actually end up spending. Similar to the integrals dealing with extra money in consumerism and production, you can use integration to find the three different values of a continuous income stream.

Overtime vs Hiring: A Case Study Essay

AbstractThis report aims to address the debate altogether over whether it is to a greater extent beneficial to consider spick-and-span employees when faced with shortages, or cover the shifts with over m. The issue is examined from the viewpoint of capital of S asideh Carolina Universitys subdivision of Public Safety, and takes into account factors and be as found in that locationin. This report includes a vivid comparison of the greets associated with each survival, and analyses and talk overes the greater expense of hiring.One of the nigh debated topics in management is whether it is more beneficial to hire young employees or pay extra time to increase production or reportage. many a(prenominal) factors go into this ending, including benefits, duration of the occlusion of extra exploit needed, and even type of work involved. In capital of South Carolina Universitys Department of Public Safety, this issue gets more attention than at most places of business. Minim al staffing levels, conjugation regulations, and round-the-clock posts among other factors conspire to make this decision one that is faced often. When all factors ar considered, is it advance for the department to hire modern ships officers when coverage is lacking, or to utilize overtime to staff positions as needed?Executive SummaryIn almost all instances, it is more cost-efficient to claim gaps in coverage with overtime kind of than hiring recent officers in this department. This report go out examine the factors involved, analyze the financial implications, and discuss exceptions to the decisions. Explicit and implicit costs to the department go out be discussed, along with their relevance to the decision-making process. This report entrust also comp be the costs of juvenile hires and overtime to find an equilibrium point beyond which the decision should change, and introduce the concept of diminishing returns. Finally, it will summarize the process and discuss application.DefinitionIn capital of South Carolina Universitys Department of Public Safety, in that respect is a minimum level of on-duty staffing required at all times. Department employees are licensed, uniformed personnel belonging to the Transit Workers Union, Local 241. Management is required to take care sufficient coverage on a daily basis, while conforming to the guidelines of the collective bargaining agreement. pale time, spend time, requests for guard services or special details, and emergencies much(prenominal) as natural disasters can bring forth shortages in coverage that need to be addressed. Failure to cover these openings is not an option, and so management is left wing with both choices hire rise to poweral full-time personnel to cover the openings, or pay overtime at the rate of one-and-one-half times normal profits. Spending large amounts on overtime raises concerns in multiple areas, such as yearly budget reviews and union negotiations. This report a ims to examine the issue in depth, and decide which option is more fiscally appropriate in a given situation.Factors and CostsAs previously mentioned, at that place are numerous factors that influence this decision. The following are the most critical points that must be considered * Department employees are unionized. Due to contractual agreements, the department must maintain all currently occupied positions. any(prenominal) vacated position must be filled, somewhere in the department for example, if an officer resigns, the department must fill that vacancy, whether in the same position or laterally, or be found in violation of the collective bargaining agreement. * Note that this is regardless of shortages, and moreover applies to permanently vacated positions. If the department has terce extra officers on a given routine, and one resigns, the department may not continue to operate with two extras rather, it is requisite to hire a new third extra. If an officer goes out on extended check, however, it is not contractually necessary to fill that opening. In these cases, the department can cover the shortages, if any, through other means.Hiring remains an option, but the empowerment to retain positions applies to newly created positions as well. In effect, if a new officer is hired in this situation, and the disable officer returns to duty, the department is now obligated to keep both positions filled permanently and has a new minimum level of staffing. * innovative hires are paid at a rate of 80% salary for the first two years, then 82.5% the third year, 85% the fourth year, then 100% from year louvre on. * overtime is paid at one-and-one-half times salary for any work done beyond 40 hours in a week. If an employee works a shift during all 7 days of the pay period, work done on the 7th day is paid at twice salary. * Any mandatory overtime performed without at least one hour of advance notice is paid at double time. This is germane(predicate) beca use when electing to not cover openings with additional personnel, any emergency shortages could lead to mandatory overtime without notice.* Most posts on campus require continuous coverage 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. This means there are three distinct tours with their own unique dynamics for coverage. The 84 tour, for example, has the highest concentration of senior officers, core they accrue more vacation time than junior officers. The summer months are obviously prime time for vacation picks, and two officers are allowed out at a time during summer. This means that summer vacation time is booked solid on the 84, so the tour is perennially short two officers all summer. Also, as a medical research facility in addition to a university campus, there are more posts open during the 84 tour than any other. As a result, it makes a difference where the shortage occurs. * Shortages on the night tours are easier to absorb, because there are fewer posts, but there is also night diffe rential to consider any officer works between 4pm and 8am makes an extra hire of $1.80 per hour for night differential. As a fixed bonus separate from salary, however, night differential has no impact on this decision, as shown later.* New employees must be steered for a minimum period of one month before being able to embrace post unsupervised and unassisted. This not only reduces the utility of a new hire for the first month, but also reduces the utility of the officers depute to train him or her. * The department provides, as a service, officers for hire on campus for special events. The department charges $50 periodical for this service per officer assigned. If there is extra coverage on the tour during which the guard service is requested, an officer may be reassigned from a non-mandatory post, at a significant savings to the department. By using already assigned personnel as opposed to paying overtime for another officer in addition to the scheduled non-mandatory officer, the department can significantly reduce the overtime budget.For the purposes of this report, it will be assumed that no overtime is covered in this way, to preserve an empirical comparison of salary costs. * Officers are paid hourly, and frankincense are a variable labor cost. If the amount of time worked during a pay period changes, the officers salary for that period will change accordingly. For the purposes of this report, it will be assumed that labor costs are fixed. All officers not assigned to overtime always work exactly 40 hours per week, and those assigned to overtime always work in increments of exactly 8 hours per additional shift. Docking pay for tardiness will be disregarded.* The department pays an amount equal to 37.7% of each officers salary for his or her benefits package. This payment remains in effect so long as the officer is on the Universitys payroll, whether or not he or she actually works or is paid. Officers on vacation, sick leave, or disability still in cur this cost. While the cost of benefits itself is highly relevant, and will be used extensively in analysis, the fact that disabled officers still incur this cost even when not being paid by the department is not relevant to this discussion.MeasurementIn trying to determine how best to fill coverage, the most obvious comparison is between costs of a new hire and overtime. As previously stated, overtime is equal to one-and-one-half times salary (S). Cost of overtime can therefore be represented by the equation COT=h(1.5S), where h represents hours worked. New hires, who incur a cost of 37.7% of their salary, have a cost of CNH=h(1.377S). New hires always have a starting salary of 80% of full pay, while officers working longer than two years have a gradually increasing pay scale. One octette hour shift of salary at the rookie wage scale is equal to $149.20. For a third-year officer, that rises to $153.84, then $158.56 for a fourth-year employee. Finally, upon completion of four ye ars of employment, the wage scale tops out at $186.48.A new hire will always work 5 shifts a week, prima(p) to CNH=5(1.377)(149.2), or CNH=1027.24. COT, on the other hand, varies based on how many shifts of overtime are required that week, and the senior status of the officer performing the overtime. Plotting those equations against each other leaves us with the first graph below, labeled Weekly Salaries, New Hires vs overtime at apiece Level of Seniority. As expected, officers receiving full pay cost significantly more to cover with overtime than any other officer, but even at that escalated rate, there would need to be shortages in excess of 3 positions per week to justify hiring a new officer. For all other levels of seniority, 4 shifts of overtime could be covered per week at a lower cost than one new hire. In order to simplify the situation, this report will henceforth take an average of the salary levels and assume that all officers working overtime earn that rate of pay.W eekly Salaries, New Hires vs Overtime at Each Level of Seniority After applying this assumption, full pay is removed as an outlier, and it becomes always less expensive to fill four shifts of overtime than to hire one new officer.Weekly Salaries, New Hires vs Average Overtime come out for Day Shift As seen in these graphs, the presence of night differential increases cost as across the board, and therefore has no impact on this decision.Weekly Salaries, New Hires vs Average Overtime Rate for Night ShiftsAnalysisThe graphs provide striking evidence that new hires are significantly more high-priced for small to reasonable shortages, seemingly four or fewer per week. However, due to the nature of the department, this is an underestimation. Since all three tours need to be covered, and officers must contractually be assigned to a stable tour, each tour must have its own graph. It is clear in every graph above that if there are five or more shifts of overtime per week, it is always le ss costly to hire a new officer this is not completely accurate. During a given stretch, if there were expected to be 6 shifts of overtime that need to be filled each week, but the shifts are distributed evenly, with two shortages per tour per week, hiring one new officer will not account for five tours of overtime, but two.As presented by Bob doubting doubting Thomas (2006, p.13), adding officers does not automatically reduce an equivalent number of overtime hours by the amount of the actual hours worked. Thomas explains that while adding officers reduces overtime, it also raises costs disproportionately in an example of diminishing returns, an effect found reverberate in the previous graphs in this report. In essence, hiring additional officers beyond a certain point will produce reduced utility with each new hire. Hiring additional officers will add utility, but at a much higher cost per unit of utility, creating an inefficient SummaryThe measurements set forth in this report cl early show that only the most extreme of shortages justifies hiring an additional employee from a cost-effectiveness standpoint, but this is not the only factor to consider. Most important among these is the contractual obligation of the department to hire a new officer each time a position is vacated. Fatigue is a concern that is often raised(a) regarding the use of overtime to fill gaps in coverage. Steve Earleys report for the Riverside Fire Department (2001, p.14) cited studies finding a correlation between the number of hours worked and work-related injuries.The department has already taken steps to mitigate this, as employees are prohibited from working longer than 16 consecutive hours, and are strongly dissuaded from working 7-day weeks. Overtime is also distributed in a rotation, by seniority, so that no one officer has significantly more overtime opportunities than any other. In conclusion, the data is so compelling that whenever possible, shortages should be covered with overtime rather than hiring.Works CitedEarley, S. (2001). An Analysis of the Utilization of Overtime Versus Hiring Additional Personnel. Riverside, CA. Thomas, B. (2006). Corrections Overtime Planning Study. Olympia, WA.