'Urbanisation\r'

'Urbanisation in the military man today is an ongoing process that has a profound impact on peoples life sentence conditions and health status. The globalisation of markets, the desire for higher(prenominal) education, increased use of communication, and new knowledge technologies are the driving forces behind this process. The urbanisation process has marked effects on the natural and cultural environment, on admit arrangements and hearty networks, as well as on work and employment patterns, non only in the cities, but similarly in the campestral areas.Access to health care, fond services, and cultural activities are in many an(prenominal) cases better in the cities, but thither the access may non be evenly distributed among the population. Problem of urbanization is revelation of lopsided urbanization, faulty urban planning, urbanization with vile economic base and without having operational categories . thusly Indias urbanization is followed by roughly basic proble ms in the field of : 1) living accommodations, 2) slums, 3) tape drive 4) water supply and sanitation, 5) water contamination and air pollution, 6)inadequate provision for social al-Qaeda ( school, hospital, etc ).Class I cities such as Calcutta , Bombay, Delhi, Madras etc cast reached saturation level of employment generating cleverness (Kundu,1997). Since these cities are suffering from of urban beggary, unemployment, ho employ shortage, crisis in urban infra-structural services these astronomic cities can not absorb these demented untaught migrants i. e wretched landless unskilled and unskilled agricultural labourers. Hence this migration to urban syndicate I cities causes urban crisis more acute. 2 Most of these cities using capital intensive technologies can not generate employment for these distress inelegant poor.So there is transfer of rural poverty to urban poverty. Poverty induced migration of illiterate and unskilled labourer occurs in class I cities address ing urban involution and urban decay. 3 Indian urbanization is involuted not evoluted ( Mukherji, 1995). Poverty induced migration occurs due to rural push . Megacities grow in urban population (Nayak,1962) not in urban prosperity, and culture. Hence it is urbanization without urban in operation(p) characteristics.These mega cities are subject to extreme funky slum and precise cruel mega urban center denying shelter, drinking water, electricity, sanitation ( Kundu,,Bagchi and Kundu, 1999) to the extreme poor and rural migrants. 4 Urbanisation is degenerating social and economic inequalities ( Kundu and Gupta, 1996) which warrants social conflicts, crimes and anti-social activities. Lopsided and lordless urbanization led to environmental humiliation and degradation in the quality of urban life—-pollution in sound, air, water, created by electric pig of hazardous waste. Illiterate, low- skill or no-skill migrants from rural areas are absorbed in poor low grade urban o pen sector at a very low wage rate and urban informal sector becomes in-efficient and unproductive.\r\n'