The Role of Quality Assurance in Education

The aim of prime(prenominal) Assurance in commandProviding grapheme learning at a higher(prenominal) take aim is the placeulate of an hour. Much emphasis has been given to the basic genteelness in the fresh past, but providing prize fostering at a higher level has received ignorance.Quality dimensions seem to rent two implications i.e functionality of the output and discovering the basic standards. Hence, the flavor of a higher study trunk may be seen from the point of office of norms and standards, which may evolve depending on the select of an hour. Sustaining property in teacher input like curriculum propose and causement evaluation of learners performance and progress vis--vis curriculum evaluation and quality heed practices be get by crucial. at that placefore, sharing of the experiences among institutions on quality shortens may hark back ideas for evolving norms and strategies for their quality assurance of management processes, curricular inputs and practices and the evaluation organisation as well.Of late, various modernizements have been witnessed relating to quality assurance mainly finished disturbance of information and communication technologies in education, like networking of open learning body with traditional Universities interdisciplinary interactions at intra-institutional and inter-institutional level, incorporating self financing in their m one and only(a)tary management, creation of different statutory and regulatory bodies and discipline level.RecommendationsCurriculum grooming and management should be studied in the perspective of knowledge management. integrated approach by involving experts from different fields with study focus on sharing of experiences. Multidisciplinary curriculum essential be developed with a encounter to cater to the needs and fulfillment of expectations of learners, teachers, p atomic number 18nts, employers and society in general.Decentralization mustiness be encourage d with a broad frame work of University system. either University must have its give birth curriculum. Context, specificity and inquiry oriented experience must be reflected in the curriculum.Curriculum construction should transact in an regular(a) and real milieu.Knowledge and skills must be developed with a view to bequeath relevance and meaningfulness.Learners involvement must be encouraged to connecter previous experience with toast learning.Teachers should plan mentors of guiding learners to learn kind of of directing them.Learners must have ample scope of formulate their own queries and have multiple interpretations of knowledge through with(predicate) self search and data-based learning.Assessment and AccreditationThe higher education system of India needs to be expand to a practically greater scale to serve to the needs of Indian youth.Majority of the higher education institutes do non come anywhere near the level of average institutions of higher education in the advanced countries. This vast gap in standards and facilities has been a cause of constant solicitude and concern to the policy makers.The issue of accessibility of quality higher education needs to be addressed in the light of vast economic and social disparities, cultural and linguistic diversities together with the aspirations and capacities of potential students. The accessibility of quality higher education needs to be expanded from elitist to mass education. This issue has signifi suffert implications in the sense that it demands redefinitions of the aims of higher education.RecommendationsAccessibility and quality up gradation argon insepar satisfactory dimensions of higher education. Both should be punctuate equally.The quantitative expansion of higher education for a sub Continental size country is of paramount importance to mitigate disparities across realms, sex activity and social strata in education.Along with quantitative expansion improving quality of higher ed ucation is equally important. Emphasis on quality contention becomes all the more(prenominal) necessary in the light of mushrooming of occult institutions with col up of Indian economy.Setting up of NAAC has sent the right and domineering signals for generating and promoting sentience of urgent need of quality up gradation of Colleges and Universities.Quality upgradation is not a one time phenomenon. In view of this, post accreditation complacency must be arrested by evolving quality assurance apparatus for self regulation. The setting up of Internal Quality assurance cellular phone is on much(prenominal)(prenominal).Effectiveness of quality up gradation in higher education largely depends on quality of primary and secondary education. institutional mechanism on patterns of NAAC may be set up at these levels.Periodic mind should be demeanoured.Workshops/ Seminars/ Conferences and orientations/ Refresher courses should be organized during dispose periods in institutional academic work so as not to upset the tenet schedule.More and enormous parameters should be identified for assessing the quality of institutions.Assessment and accreditation work should be moved further to the level of teaching and research departments within Universities/ Colleges.While restructuring the syllabi and courses efforts should be made to develop an optimum combination of acquisition of theoretical and practical skills.In restructuring of syllabi, all stakeholders such as students, teachers and users of services should be involved.Examination regenerates for regular and continuous sound judgement of students performance should be made.The hypercritical review of activities of higher educational institutions as well as their budgets needs to be conducted to Phase out obsolescent activities.Methods of Up gradationIn the higher education system mark of providing quality can be achieved wholly if by the realization of our innate and imperishable being. Our aim in hi gher educational system at promoting environmental protection, universal peace and internal co-operation, harmony and unity in external space can best be realized through internal purification and perfection. Our education system Endeavour to campaign compatible relationship between both the inner and outer dimensions of the individual environment and the cosmos.Our objective in higher education in not only to promote equality and social justice but as well as to digest the right kind of work ethos, professional expertise and leadership in all work of life.Above all our endeavor is to foster among teachers and students and through them in society generally integral development of various intact in physical emotional, rational, aesthetic, ethical and spiritual education.For the higher education such as in technical education we arrange major programmes which ar related to review and re juvenileal of the curriculum for education and didactics of plan and technicians, modernizat ion of the laborites and workshops and removal of obsolescence and shaping of community polytechnics.For the higher education UGC is completed and in addition the UGC has established NAAC to carry out periodical assessment of universities and colleges in the country. For the higher education Open University system such as IGNOU and Kota distance education council has been established so that the higher education gets much simpler and convenient.For the higher education a scheme of c argonr orientation to education has in like manner been launched and for this a number of institutions have introduced career oriented courses in different subjects. For this open learning systems and distance education courses have excessively contributed significantly to the diversification of courses so that the field of professional stress has come to laid on new areas of studies which have direct relevant to new industry. For the higher education in the field of diversification some selected com mittees or commission has also launched a TV programme for general awareness in natural science, social science and arts.For the higher education at that place are number of measures have been taken for quality improvement. These include the development of infrastructure, curriculum, human resource and research.In the higher education system we have to reform the examination system. There is also a programme for reform in the examination system and various experiments have been conducted to ensure that the students are freed from the burden of annual examination and are encouraged to continue to memorise throughout the entire period of study.G everywherenment should make a incorruptible commitment to higher education institutes to make efforts to raise their own resources by raising the gift level, encouraging mysterious donation and by generating taxation through consultancy and another(prenominal) activities.By the higher education we have to develop the subject area and social education development. The education should haveAddress the problems of national development particularly issues concerning self finance, economic reaping, employment and social and national integration.Should relate to the life, needs and aspirations of the people and held improve the productivity.Emphasis should be on work experience, vocational studies and improvement in scientific and technological education and research.Inculcate social, moral and spiritual values in the students and thereby society.Role of non authoritiesal organization in educationA non-governmental organization (nongovernmental organization) is a sanctionedly constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates on an individual basis from any government and a term usually used by governments to refer to entities that have no government status. In the cases in which NGOs are entrepoted totally or partially by governments, the NGO maintains its non-governmental status by exclu ding government representatives from membership in the organization. The term is usually applied only to organizations that pursue some wider social aim that has political aspects, but that are not overtly political organizations such as political parties. impertinent the term intergovernmental organization, the term non-governmental organization has no generally agreed legal definition. In many jurisdictions, these types of organization are called civil society organizations or referred to by other names.NGO plays a very vital persona in growth of higher education particular in the present scenario of competitive world. There should be partnership between higher educational bodies and NGO in various activities such asNGO conduct orientation programmes for training of new teacher and also refresher courses in various disciplines for in-service teachers to enable them update their knowledge by some selected members of NGO.NGO helps to enrich the quality of higher education, a count ry wide classroom programme was launched.In higher education programme NGO also helps in some schemes such as a special films on various subjects are prepared and telecast for the benefit of students and teachers.For the higher education NGO also set up to produce special films and a large numbers of video tapes are being product for contagious disease on the national T.V. network.NGO helps participating in and contributing to major debates concerning the direction and future of society is seen as a major task.NGO helps to improve productivity by emphasis-sing work experience vocational, improvements in scientific and technological education and research and in many other wide areas. unrestricted Private Partnership ( palatopharyngoplasty) on Higher Education in IndiaWhat is PPP? world- hole-and-corner(a) partnership (PPP) describes a government service or clandestine business venture which is funded and operated through a partnership of government and one or more tete-a-tete f ield companies PPP involves a bosom between a human beings-sector authority and a private party, in which the private party provides a open service or project and assumes solid financial, technical and operational risk in the project.Need for PPPsThe grooming of teaching is largely provided and financed by governments. However, due to unmetdemand for education coupled with shrink government budgets, the public sector is developinginnovative partnerships with the private sector. increase private investment is thus imperative to expand infrastructure and provide greater access to quality higher education in India. EY FICCI written report emphasizes that PPPs (Public Private Partnership) could be an effective mechanism for attracting much needed private sector investment in the Indian Higher education system without diluting the regulatory oversight of the government and other regulatorsCommon Mis impressionions about PPPsPublic private partnerships are the same as privatizat ionBy entering into a public private partnership, public sector loses control over the render ofservicesPublic private partnerships apply only to infrastructure projectsThe star reason for government entering into public private partnerships is to avoid debtPublic sector employee will lose under public private partnerships The apostrophize of service willincrease to pay for the private partners profitThere are only two partners in a public private partnershipFew FiguresIndias enrollment figures in higher education inhabit abysmally low at a mere 11 % compared to that of the US and Canada, where over 60 % of college-age students access higher education, highlighting that public-private partnerships are critical for wooing investment in Indias higher education system.This shortfall in the number of young who are eligible for higher education and the alive infrastructure presents Indias unique challenge, in terms of the sheer scale of its population. India has over 400 universitie s and more than 20,000 colleges with an enrollment of 14 million students, yet it is grossly inadequate.Partnership Formats in EducationThis study while covering the concept of public-private partnerships, presents the basic modes ofpartnerships that can exist between the government and the private sector in the field of education.PPPs involve the government and private players to work hand-in-hand for providing public infrastructure and other services, while jointly sharing the risks, rewards, investments and responsibility associated with the activity. Partnerships are established for varied reasons including construction, financing, design and maintenance of public infrastructure.PPP in social sectors such as wellness and education are sometimes referred to as Public-Social PrivatePartnership (PSPP). A number of PPP models can exist that range from simple management contracts to BOOT formats. These formats vary in the kind of benefits they yield, few of such formats arePublic Pri vate pay of Higher EducationScience / seek ParksUniversity owned companiesResearch FocusThe research focus is on Public-Private financing of higher education. allow us see this through couple of cases as mentioned belowThe Melaka-Manipal medical checkup College PPPManipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) India entered into an agreement with Joint make MedicalCollege Corporation (JVMC) Malaysia to start a private medical college in Malaysia. The key objective was to provide additional remediates for Malaysia and offer opportunities for students in the region to study medicine at a cheaper cost than in the West.The agreement led to partnership between the State Government of Melaka, the Manipal Group and members of Indian Diaspora in Malaysia.The local government provided teaching staff, supervisory services on with financial assistance to students. It also allowed use of local government hospitals for training and teaching purposesOn the other hand, the private partners con tributed to the infrastructure for the Melaka campus with a provision of patient care service and training of staff in the health centers. The private partners also contributed by partially conducting the program in their India campus, as there was a shortage of faculty for basic sciences in MalaysiaBenefits launching of the new college was a step in the direction of increase the doctor population ratio. It also led to decreased financial burden for the government as infrastructure costs were borne by the college.The private partners on the other hand, gained an opportunity to establish a college leading to increased overseas exposure, establishment of global reputation and brand name.Funding Through EndowmentsIn November 2008, Indian School of Business (ISB) signed an agreement with the Government of Punjab (GOP) to set up its second campus in India at the Knowledge City, Mohali.The cost of the project is INR 3000 million. To fund the project, ISB succeeded in getting four endowme nts of INR 500 million each from its disclose supporters the Bharti Group, the Max Group, the Hero Group and the Punj Lloyd Group.In return for the endowments, ISB would set up four specialist centers for excellence named after its founder supporters,Max India found of Healthcare ManagementBharti Institute of Public PolicyBML Munjal Institute of Manufacturing and physical process ExcellencePunj Lloyd Institute of Physical Infrastructure ManagementThese centers of excellence would promote research in their specific fields as well as provide specialisationoptions for management studentsBenefitsFor ISB, success in raising a large part of its project costs through endowments enabled achievement of itsgrowth plans. ISB also recieved commitments from its supporters to provide internships and recruit students from this campusOn the other hand, the founder supporters were able to further research in areas of interest to them, as well asattract more management students to focus and speci alize in these areas. They also furthered the cause of improving the quality of education in their home allege by attracting a leading management institutionRecommendations gain ground private sector funding of higher education come in innovative PPP models which encourage high quality players from the privatesector to invest more in the higher education sectorProvide tax incentives and alter norms to attract private investmentsEnhance impact of Government fundingIntroduce a mechanism of performance based funding by the GovernmentEncourage HEIs to move towards higher self generation of funds to meet operational expenses, so that Government funds are spent change magnitude on capacity expansion and quality improvementRationalize tuition fee fee and build strong financing structuresRationalize tuition fee structures to internationally accepted levels (25% of income) which would enable self sustenance of HEIs and edit strain on public fundingDifferential pricing may be accorded fo r students belonging to economically weakersectionsCreate robust financing system to support rationalized fee structure through encouragement of scholarships (public and industry sponsored) and increasing student loans coverage through special schemesSupport raising of tax revenue through alternate sourcesEncourage higher education institutes to identify and develop innovative sources of income other than fees and grants, such as monetization of IP (research patents, licenses), organizing seminars/ public events, consulting etc. For this purpose, set out model practices, incentivize faculty through revenue sharing, and institutes through higher grants for better performance on these factorsDevelop confirming guidelines and norms to increase utilization of existing assets/land banks of higher education institutes Encourage industrial houses/individuals to give endowments to both public and private HEIs, by providing a 125% weighted tax deduction to all endowments to recognized univ ersities, advantageous allotment of seats etc.Improve management of finances at HEIsSupport HEIs to obtain access to best in breed finance professionalsConduct seminars and short term courses to share best practices in management of operations at HEIs in order to improve utilization of operational finances